Chapter 8: Violence Prevention
Lesson 1 — Understanding Violence
The Scope of the Problem
Violence is the intentional use of physical force or power to hurt, injure, or kill oneself or others. It is one of the most serious public health issues in the United States, particularly for young people. Homicide is among the top causes of death for Americans aged 15–34.
Types of Violence
Physical Violence
Hitting, kicking, pushing, or using weapons to harm another person.
Verbal Violence
Using words to threaten, intimidate, or humiliate another person.
Sexual Violence
Any unwanted sexual contact or behavior. Consent is not negotiable.
Domestic Violence
Abuse within intimate relationships or families, including emotional, financial, and physical abuse.
Bullying
Repeated aggressive behavior, including cyberbullying, intended to hurt or dominate.
Hate Crimes
Crimes motivated by bias against a person's race, religion, sexual orientation, or other identity.
Lesson 2 — Risk Factors and Protective Factors
Violence does not happen in a vacuum. Certain risk factors make it more likely; certain protective factors make it less likely. Understanding both empowers you to make choices that protect yourself and your community.
Risk Factors
- Exposure to violence at home or in the neighborhood
- Substance use (alcohol dramatically increases the risk of violence)
- Access to weapons
- Poor impulse control and anger management
- Social isolation and lack of positive role models
Protective Factors
- Strong connections to family, school, and community
- Good conflict resolution skills
- Access to mental health support
- Positive peer relationships
- Economic stability and educational opportunity
Lesson 3 — Bullying and Cyberbullying
Bullying is repeated aggressive behavior that involves a real or perceived imbalance of power. It can be physical, verbal, relational (social exclusion, rumor-spreading), or digital (cyberbullying).
Cyberbullying Facts
- About 37% of teens report being cyberbullied
- Cyberbullying can happen 24/7 — there is no escape at home
- Anonymity emboldens behavior people would never do in person
- Victims are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, and school avoidance
Lesson 4 — Violence Prevention Strategies
Every person has the power to reduce violence in their environment. Prevention happens at the individual, family, school, and community level — and it starts with the choices you make every day.
Personal Prevention Strategies
- Avoid situations where violence is likely (parties with alcohol, late nights in unsafe areas)
- Know your anger triggers and have a plan to cool down
- Be a bystander who acts — not a passive observer
- Do not carry weapons — they escalate every conflict
- Speak up when you see bullying or harassment
Getting Help
If you feel unsafe at school or home, tell a counselor, teacher, or trusted adult. If immediate danger exists, call 911. The National Domestic Violence Hotline is 1-800-799-7233. Crisis Text Line: text HOME to 741741.